Bioactive Materials including glass and glass-ceramics are nowadays used as medical implants for orthopedic applications. In this study several samples of glass-ceramics have been prepared using both heat treatment and sol-gel processes. The structure and bioactivity of these samples based on their interaction with simulated body fluid (SBF) have been determined, invitro, using the Raman spectroscopic technique. It is found that most samples exhibit bioactivity when they are soaked in SBF. It is also concluded that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique in such studies.

Introduction: Bioactive Materials are known as substances that can affect living tissue, organisms and cells or their response. These Materials can be used in various fields of medicine and dentistry. Today, the main use of these Materials in dentistry is its use in the treatment of pulp capping, remineralization of teeth in order to restore hard tissue, and anti-caries and antibacterial properties. Some of these substances have the characteristic of alkalines, which can change acidic pH to neutral pH. Also, some others have adhesive properties and chemical bonding, and other features of these Materials include their dimensional stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. Materials and Method: This review was performed by searching among Persian and English sources indexed in Scopus, Pubmed, ISI, and focusing on articles published in recent years. Results: Bioactive Materials are Materials such as biodentin, polymer Materials with nano-structure in combination with protein-replants, as well as well-known and common Materials that have Bioactive properties such as (mineral trioxide aggregate), calcium hydroxide. Also, in addition to these advantages, various studies have also stated various disadvantages that should be taken into account. These explanations help us to know all the options and Materials in our treatments and make a better choice. Conclusion: Bioactive substances and their effects can cause changes in different fields of dentistry and provide new solutions to improve the Materials used in dental treatments. However, more invitro and clinical studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of these Materials in the dental Materials syntethis.

Introduction: The use of Bioactive glasses to re-establish or increase mechanical properties of the root dentin may be an interesting alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of root repair Materials and Bioactive glasses on the microhardness of human root dentin. Methods and Materials: Sixty-four sectioned palatal roots of human molars were prepared and two slices were obtained of the middle third of each root (one corresponding to the control group, without treatment, and the other to the experimental group). The pairs of slices were randomly divided into four groups (n=16). The root canal of experimental slices were filled with one of the following Materials: mineral trioxide aggregate (Angelus MTA, Angelus, Londrina, Paraná , Brazil), EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM, Brassler, Savannah, GA, USA), Bioglass (45S5) and an experimental niobophosphate glass (NbG). The specimens were stored in an oven at 37º C, in an environment with 100% humidity for 60 days. The specimens were subjected to a microhardness test. Four indentations were made at a distance of 20 μ m from the root canal lumen. For microhardness analysis, comparing the experimental groups and their respective controls, the Student’ s-t test was applied. For comparison of the percentage increase in microhardness between the groups, the data were statistically analyzed by using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’ s test. The level of significance was set at 0. 05. Results: All the Materials significantly increased the dentin microhardness values (P<0. 05). MTA showed a higher increase in microhardness (94. 8± 42. 7%), similar to that of EndoSequence (62. 3± 39. 9%). The 45S5 (46. 5± 30. 0%) and NbG (53. 8± 31. 3%) showed the lowest percentages of increase in microhardness, but were statistically similar to those of EndoSequence. Conclusion: All the Materials tested were capable of increasing root dentin microhardness.

Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the nutritional value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to nutritional components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-nutritional components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the nutritional and antinutritional aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.